Mathematics is universal language and many countries learn about it. There are differences among the countries. They have specific culture, so it make they have the method to teach mathematics. Because of it, On 2 – 5 November 2011, there are APEC - Ubon Ratchathani International Symposium 2011 with the theme Innovation on Problem Solving - Based Mathematics Textbooks and E-Textbooks. The symposium aimed to study the cooperation of learning innovations in Mathematics in different cultures among APEC members and to promote cooperation among APEC members in Mathematics learning and teaching innovation development which are used in different cultures. Researchers from 16 countries participated in the symposium and were provided with opportunities to share ideas and exchange experiences. The special participant is Mr. Marsigit from Indonesia. This is Mr. Marsigit’s experience when he is in Thailand.
The activities of Mr. Marsigit in the APEC – Ubon Ratchathani International Symposium 2011 are first, Mr. Marsigit is as the member of invited speaker. Invited speaker is the person that famous and have a network in education area. The second is, Mr. Marsigit has been presenting their paper as specialist instructor. There are 15 people in here, and they have one ours to present their paper. Third, as the observer and commentator at the open class activity, Mr. Marsigit get the first room. In the first room, there are 5 observers and commentator, and one teacher, that is, Cheng Chun Chor Litwin, Marsigit, Madihah Khalid, Catherine Lewis, and teacher. They observe the 1st grade about how the 1st grade can calculate the number of dragonfly. The teacher given the picture of dragonfly that must be calculate in front of the class and also give one picture of it in each students. Next, the student must be calculated the dragonfly and collected it to the teacher. After it, the teacher will be chosen the student to present their answer. The teacher changes the method to calculate the dragonfly, that is, use the cube to calculate the dragonfly. With this method, Mr. Marsigit thinks that it makes the students feel more difficult to calculate the dragonfly. And the last, Mr. Marsigit is a commentator of invited speaker’s presentation. They are Prof. Ivan Vyosotsky from Rusia that tells about probability theory in 7 – 9 grade and Utith Inprasit from Thailand that tells about Learning Mathematics Model.
This is some comment from Mr. Marsigit for some participant. He is has a comment about Expected mathematical activities. In Mr. Marsigit’s opinion: The over plus of the human thinking is because they have expectation. Example, Mr. Marsigit always comes at 9 am. One time, because he has an agreement, at 9.10 am, he is not come yet. Therefore, we have an expectation that Mr. Marsigit is not come. Expectation can make one person close to another person. In addition, every one certain has an expectation.
And the next comment from Mr. Marsigit is about Finding out easier or more elegant approach. Mr. Marsigit has an opinion that the word ‘elegant’ doesn’t match with it. if it is translated in Indonesia, it become ‘menyelesaikan soal matematika dengan berwibawa’. This is one aspect of psychological, we must find the word that correct for the sentence. The example of mathematics phenomena that can be solve by it is :
The shape that has measure of length are 5 cm, 3 cm and 2 cm. Find the area:
A = 5x4+2x4+3x4 = (5+2+3)x4 using distributive law
for finding the another approach
= {5+2+(5-2)}x4
= (5x2)x4
= 40 cm
In the different section about thinking and experience, Mr. Marsigit has and opinion that people can think because they have the sophisticated computer, that is, the human brain. This thing differentiates the human and the other creature. Example, a cat has an experience ever to go to Thailand, but it can’t thing. Therefore, we need psychology as a basic of mathematics model or design development.
Mr. Marsigit also show us about the presentation of Mr. Shizumi Shimizu. In principle, mathematical activities carried out as problem solving. That is, they are a sequence starting with ‘Generating wonder and question, formulating problem by formalizing them understanding the problems, planning, implementing, and reflecting on solution processes. In his presentation, he writes “More Important end of a problem solving must be start for next challenge.” Some special word that motivate us that problem solving is the initial of the other problem, so the end of problem solving is the initial of the other problem solving.
Beside from Mr. Isoda Masami, Mr. Marsigit also show us the presentation from Fou-Lai Lin. In his paper that have tittled ‘Adventuring Through Big Problems as Means of Innovations in Mathematics Education’, he tell us about ‘Three Big Problem’, that is :
1. Problem One = the challenge of integrating student perspective into teaching practices
2. Problem Two = the group between theories / research practices
3. Problem Three = the lack of learning theories in the teacher and educator
Then, Mr. Marsigit tell us about conjecturing. Conjecturing can enhance conceptual understanding The five strands of proficiency are interwoven and interdependent in the development of mathematics. In the following, we elaborate why and how conjecturing can enhance students’ mathematics proficiency with the five strands.
- Conjecturing can enhance conceptual understanding
- Conjecturing can enhance the procedural fluency
- Conjecturing can enhance strategic competence
- Conjecturing can enhance adaptive reasoning
- Conjecturing can enhance productive disposition
This is the scheme that shown in the presentation of Fou-Lai Lin
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